5 Signs You May Have Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition that happens when the arteries that supply blood to your legs, arms, or other parts of your body become narrowed due to a buildup of plaque. This typically reduces blood flow and can lead to various symptoms. Since PAD can increase your likelihood of heart attack and stroke, it’s important to be aware of the signs. Here, Dr. Natalia Hapych, a certified family medicine physician, explains the classic five signs signs that may indicate PAD.

Experiencing Leg Pain or Cramping During Physical Activity

One of the most common signs of PAD is leg pain or cramping, which happens when walking or exercising and goes away after resting. This pain is called claudication and typically happens in the calf muscles but can also occur in the thighs or buttocks. Claudication occurs because the muscles aren’t getting enough blood flow during physical activity. As PAD progresses, the pain can become more frequent and occur with less strenuous activity or even at rest.

If You Notice Changes in the Color of Your Skin, It May Be PAD

Changes in the color of your skin, particularly in your legs or feet, could also signal PAD. You might notice that the affected area becomes pale or bluish due to poor circulation. In some cases, the skin may appear shiny or thinner than usual. These changes happen because the tissues aren’t getting enough oxygen and nutrients from the blood, leading to poor skin health.

If You Have Non-Healing Wounds on Your Feet, It Might Indicate Poor Circulation

Another sign of PAD is sores or wounds on your feet or legs that take a long time to heal or don’t heal at all. When blood flow is reduced, your body’s ability to repair tissues and fight off infection is compromised. If you notice slow-healing cuts, ulcers, or sores, especially on your feet or lower legs, it’s extremely important to get them checked out by a doctor, as this could be a sign of advanced PAD.

Experiencing Numbness or Weakness in Your Legs Could Be a Warning Sign

If you feel numbness, weakness, or a tingling sensation in your legs or feet, this could be a severe symptom of PAD. These sensations occur because the nerves aren’t receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. The reduced circulation may also make your legs feel weak or tired, particularly after walking or climbing stairs. Over time, this numbness or weakness can become more persistent and affect your ability to move comfortably.

Hair Loss on Your Legs and Feet Could Signal Decreased Blood Flow

Surprisingly, hair loss on your legs and feet can be a lesser-known but important sign of PAD. When blood flow is restricted, hair follicles don’t get the nutrients they need, leading to hair thinning or loss in areas affected by poor circulation. You may notice that hair growth on your legs has slowed down or stopped altogether, especially if you’re experiencing other symptoms like leg pain or numbness.

What Causes Peripheral Artery Disease?

PAD is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries. Plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this buildup narrows the arteries, restricting blood flow to various parts of the body.

Some common risk factors for PAD include:

• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• A sedentary lifestyle
• A family history of heart disease or PAD

When Should You See a Doctor?

If you’re experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to see a doctor promptly, especially if you have risk factors for PAD. Early diagnosis and treatment can help stop complications like heart attacks, strokes, or leg amputations.

Your doctor may perform a physical exam and non-invasive tests like an ankle-brachial index (ABI), which compares the blood pressure in your ankle to the blood pressure in your arm to detect blockages.

How Can You Manage Peripheral Artery Disease?

Managing PAD often involves making lifestyle changes and, in some cases, taking medication. Here are a few ways to help manage PAD:

• Quit smoking: Smoking is a major risk factor for PAD, and quitting can significantly improve blood flow.
• Exercise regularly: Walking or other physical activities can improve circulation and reduce symptoms.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet: Focus on eating whole grains, lean proteins, fruits, and vegetables to keep your arteries healthy.
• Manage diabetes and high blood pressure: Keep these conditions under control to reduce your odds of worsening PAD.
• Take prescribed medications: Your doctor may prescribe medications to control cholesterol, lower blood pressure, or prevent blood clots.

Final Thought

Peripheral artery disease is a serious condition that can lead to complications if left untreated. The signs of PAD, such as leg pain during activity, slow-healing wounds, and skin changes, should not be ignored. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to talk to your doctor to get the proper diagnosis and treatment. Managing PAD with lifestyle changes and medication can help improve blood flow and reduce the chance of more serious health problems.