HPV Bumps on the Tongue: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

ByEditorial Staff Updated on

HPV bumps on the tongue are small growths caused by the human papillomavirus. These painless or slightly tender bumps may appear as smooth, raised, or cauliflower-like lesions. They are usually harmless but should be checked by a doctor, as treatment may be needed to reduce discomfort or prevent spreading.

What Are HPV Bumps on the Tongue?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can infect various parts of the body, including the mouth and throat.1 When HPV affects the tongue, it may cause small, fleshy bumps or growths to develop. These bumps can look different from person to person. They may be flat, raised, smooth, or have a rough, cauliflower-like surface.

HPV is one of the most widespread viruses worldwide. Most people will come into contact with HPV at some point in their lives. While HPV is better known for causing warts on the skin or affecting the cervix, it can also infect the mouth and tongue.2

What Causes HPV Bumps on the Tongue?

HPV bumps on the tongue happen when the virus enters tiny breaks in the mouth’s lining. This usually occurs through direct contact. Here are the main ways the virus can spread:

  • Oral sex: HPV can be transmitted from one person to another during oral sex, especially if a partner already has genital or oral HPV.3
  • Kissing: Deep or open-mouth kissing can pass the virus if one person has active HPV in the mouth.
  • Sharing utensils: Though rare, sharing eating utensils or drinks with someone who has HPV may transfer the virus.
  • Weakened immune system: People with a weakened immune system are more likely to develop oral HPV lesions.

Not everyone exposed to HPV will develop visible bumps. Often, the body’s immune system clears the virus without any signs or symptoms.

What Do HPV Bumps on the Tongue Look Like?

HPV bumps on the tongue can be easy to miss, especially if they are small or located near the back of the mouth. Here’s what you may notice:

  • Small, raised lumps: These bumps are often flesh-colored, pink, white, or red.
  • Smooth or rough surface: Some growths feel smooth, while others have a bumpy or uneven surface like a cauliflower.
  • Painless or mildly tender: Most HPV bumps do not hurt, but some may cause mild discomfort, especially when eating or brushing the teeth.
  • Solitary or multiple: You may see just one bump or several in a cluster.

It’s important to remember that not all bumps on the tongue are caused by HPV. Other conditions, such as irritation, canker sores, or fungal infections, can also cause similar symptoms.

Symptoms

In most cases, HPV bumps on the tongue do not cause severe pain or discomfort. However, some people may notice the following symptoms:

  • Mild tenderness or irritation: Especially when eating spicy or acidic foods.
  • A feeling of something “stuck” on the tongue: If the bump is large or located near the throat.
  • Swelling: Rarely, if the bump gets irritated or infected.
  • Speech changes: Large bumps may make it harder to speak clearly.

If you notice a bump that is growing, bleeding, or not healing after two weeks, consult a doctor or dentist. These signs could indicate a more serious condition that requires prompt attention.

Are HPV Bumps on the Tongue Dangerous?

Most HPV bumps on the tongue are harmless and benign. They are called “oral papillomas.”4 Usually, they do not turn into cancer. However, some high-risk types of HPV are linked to cancers of the mouth and throat. These types are much less common.

If you have any doubts or if a bump looks unusual, gets bigger, or causes pain, see a healthcare professional.

How Are HPV Bumps on the Tongue Diagnosed?

To diagnose HPV bumps on the tongue, a healthcare provider will:

  • Examine the mouth: They will look at the size, shape, color, and location of the bump.
  • Ask about your symptoms and history: This includes asking about any recent changes, pain, or risk factors such as sexual history.
  • Biopsy (if needed): If a bump looks unusual or persists, a small tissue sample may be taken and examined under a microscope.

Most cases do not require complex tests, but a biopsy is the best way to rule out other conditions, including cancer.

Treatment Options for HPV Bumps on the Tongue

Most HPV bumps will go away without treatment as the immune system clears the infection. However, treatment may be needed if the bumps cause discomfort or do not disappear.

Common Treatments Include:

  • Observation: If the bump is small, painless, and not changing, your doctor may simply monitor it.
  • Removal: If the bump is bothersome or at risk of spreading, it may be removed. Methods include:
  • Surgical excision (cutting it out)
  • Cryotherapy (freezing the bump)
  • Laser therapy (burning it away)
  • Topical treatments: In rare cases, medicine may be applied to help shrink the bump.
  • Treating underlying conditions: If you have a weakened immune system, managing it can help your body fight the virus.

Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice for treatment and follow-up.

Can You Prevent HPV Bumps on the Tongue?

There are steps you can take to lower your risk of developing HPV bumps on the tongue:

  • Get the HPV vaccine: The vaccine can protect against many types of HPV, including those most likely to cause cancer and warts.
  • Practice safe sex: Use protection and limit the number of sexual partners.
  • Avoid sharing personal items: Don’t share toothbrushes, eating utensils, or drinks with others.
  • Maintain good oral hygiene: Brush and floss daily, and see your dentist regularly.

When to See a Doctor

You should see a doctor or dentist if you notice:

  • A new bump or growth on your tongue that lasts more than two weeks
  • Bumps that are growing, bleeding, or painful
  • Difficulty eating, swallowing, or speaking
  • Any persistent mouth sores or lesions

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can HPV bumps on the tongue turn into cancer?
Certain high-risk HPV types increase the risk of oral cancers, but most HPV bumps are benign. Regular monitoring is important.

2. How long do HPV bumps on the tongue last?
They may last weeks to months. Some resolve on their own, while others need treatment.

3. Is oral HPV contagious?
Yes. Oral HPV spreads through intimate contact like kissing and oral sex.

4. Can HPV infection be prevented?
Yes. Vaccination, safe sex practices, and avoiding tobacco help prevent infection.

5. Will treatment remove HPV completely?
Treatment removes visible bumps but does not cure the virus itself. The immune system may clear it over time.

References:

  1. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/human-papilloma-virus-hpv/ ↩︎
  2. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(23)00305-4/fulltext ↩︎
  3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15010-oropharyngeal-human-papilloma-virus-hpv-infection ↩︎
  4. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/oral-papilloma ↩︎
Editorial Staff

The editorial staff at Mayor Boss is a team of expert writers who are passionate about health and wellness. They are dedicated to creating well-researched, highly detailed content that is easy to read and trustworthy. You can count on them to provide you with authentic and up-to-date information.

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