Antibiotics: When They Can and Can’t Help
Antibiotics are powerful medicines designed to fight bacterial infections. While they have revolutionized medicine and saved countless lives, they are not a cure-all. Antibiotics are effective against bacterial infections but are not useful against viral infections. Misuse or overuse of antibiotics can specifically lead to antibiotic resistance, a growing global health concern. According to the World Health Organisation, antibiotic resistance makes it difficult to treat infections and result in more death.
This article aims to guide you on when antibiotics can and can’t help and how to use them responsibly.
What Are Antibiotics?
Antibiotics are medicines that kill or slow down the growth of bacteria. In particular, they are used to treat various bacterial infections, from minor skin infections to life-threatening conditions like pneumonia. However, they are ineffective against viruses, such as those causing the common cold or flu.
How Do Antibiotics Work?
Different antibiotics target bacteria in various ways. Some interfere with the bacteria’s cell wall, while others disrupt their ability to multiply. Dr. Mayor Boss, Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, states, “Understanding the specific bacterial infection is essential for selecting the right antibiotic, as using the wrong one may have little effect and can contribute to resistance.”
When Antibiotics Can Help
Bacterial Infections
Antibiotics are vital in treating:
- Skin infections
- Urinary tract infections
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Strep throat
- Sinus infections (caused by bacteria)
- Some ear infections, but not all of them
How to Use Antibiotics Effectively
If you’re prescribed antibiotics, you should:
- Complete the entire prescribed course, even if you feel better.
- Follow the instructions carefully.
- Never share your antibiotics with others.
When Antibiotics Can’t Help
Viral Infections
Antibiotics cannot cure viral infections like:
- Common cold
- Influenza (flu)
- Most sore throats and coughs
- Most bronchitis cases
The Problem of Antibiotic Resistance
Misusing antibiotics, such as taking them for viral infections, leads to antibiotic resistance. Dr. Mayor Boss emphasizes, “Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to public health. Once bacteria become resistant, the infections they cause become more difficult to treat, leading to prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality.”
How to Prevent Misuse of Antibiotics
Consult a Healthcare Professional
Always consult a healthcare provider to determine whether you need antibiotics. Self-diagnosing and using leftover antibiotics can lead to improper treatment and resistance.
Practice Good Hygiene
Preventing infections, in the first place, is key to reducing the risk of antibiotic resistance. You can:
- Wash your hands regularly.
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
- Stay up-to-date with vaccinations.
Further Reading: 14 Natural Antibiotics to Help Fight Bacterial Infections
