Fever: Why It Happens and How to Manage It
Fever is your body’s natural defense mechanism against infections. It can occur due to a variety of causes like bacterial or viral infections, inflammatory conditions, and even certain medications. In this article, we’ll explore why fever occurs, the symptoms associated with it, and practical steps for managing it at home.
What is a Fever?
When you have a fever, your body temperature rises above the normal range of 98-100°F (37-38°C). It’s a sign that your body is fighting off something, like an infection or another disease. Usually, a fever isn’t harmful. In fact, it’s helping your immune system battle invading germs.
What Causes a Fever?
Infections
When you think of fever, infections usually come to mind first. Bacterial and viral infections are common causes. Your body raises its temperature to create an environment less hospitable for the invading germs. So, in a way, a fever is actually a good sign that your body is doing its job.
Bacterial Infections
Examples of bacterial infections that can cause fever include strep throat, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia. These require antibiotics for treatment.
Viral Infections
In contrast, the flu, common cold, and COVID-19 are examples of viral infections that can elevate your body temperature. Unlike bacterial infections, viral ones usually resolve on their own and may not require medication except to alleviate symptoms.
Inflammatory Conditions
Fever isn’t exclusive to infections. Inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease can also cause your temperature to spike. This happens because your body releases chemicals called cytokines, which play a role in inflammation and can also trigger a fever.
Autoimmune Diseases
In people with autoimmune diseases, the body mistakes its own cells for foreign invaders and attacks them. This can also cause a fever. Lupus, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of such conditions.
Medications
Believe it or not, certain medications can also cause a fever. This is known as a “drug fever.” When you start a new medication and notice a high temperature, it’s important to consult your healthcare provider. Examples of medications that can cause fever include some antibiotics, antihistamines, and antipsychotics.
Hormonal Changes
While it’s true that women can experience fevers due to hormonal changes, especially during menstruation, men are not entirely off the hook. Hormonal imbalances in either gender can result in elevated body temperature.
Other Causes: Rare But Possible
Although less common, other factors like heat exhaustion, blood clots, severe sunburn, or even certain types of cancer can cause a fever. These are outliers, but they’re worth mentioning for the sake of completeness.
Symptoms Accompanying Fever
Aside from the obvious increase in body temperature, you might also experience:
Moreover, in children, fever can sometimes lead to seizures, known as febrile seizures, although these are generally harmless.
When Should You Seek Medical Help?
High Fever
If your fever rises above 103°F (39.4°C), it’s time to get medical attention.
Long-lasting Fever
Fevers that persist for more than two days also warrant a doctor’s visit.
Additional Symptoms
If you’re experiencing severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, chest pain, or severe headaches alongside a fever, you should seek immediate medical care.
Managing Fever at Home
Stay Hydrated
When you’re running a fever, it’s crucial to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
Rest
Your body needs extra energy to fight off the infection. Therefore, make sure to get plenty of sleep.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Medicines like acetaminophen and ibuprofen can help lower your fever and relieve pain.
Use a Cool Compress
Applying a cool compress to your forehead can also help bring down your body temperature.
When to Use Prescription Medications
Antibiotics are effective for bacterial infections but won’t help with viral infections. Therefore, consult your doctor to determine the best course of action. In people with immune system issues, antiviral medications might be prescribed for viral infections.
Final Thoughts
Fever is a common symptom that usually indicates your body is working to fight off an infection or some other disease. While it’s often not a cause for immediate concern, it’s important to monitor the symptoms and speak with a doctor if the fever is high, lasts for an extended period, or is accompanied by severe symptoms.
Further Reading: Why Do I Feel Hot But No Fever?
