Food Allergies: What You Need to Know

Food allergies happen when your body reacts wrongly to certain foods. You might feel sick, get a rash, or have trouble breathing after eating something you’re allergic to. Common food allergies include reactions to nuts, milk, eggs, wheat, soy, and fish. Understanding how to spot symptoms and knowing what to do if you have an allergic reaction can keep you safe.

What is a Food Allergy?

Simply put, a food allergy is when your body’s immune system sees a particular food as harmful and goes into action to fight it. It’s like a false alarm, as the food isn’t really dangerous, but your body treats it like an invader. This reaction can cause symptoms like itching, swelling, and even more severe problems like difficulty breathing.

According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, around 4% of adults and 6% of children have some type of food allergy. Some people grow out of them, while others deal with these allergies all their lives.

Typical Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of a food allergy can vary greatly. Here’s what you might notice:

Skin Issues

• Rash or Hives: Red, itchy bumps on the skin.
• Swelling: Parts of your body, especially your face, might puff up.
• Eczema: Dry, flaky skin that can itch a lot.

Digestive Problems

• Stomach Pain: You might feel cramps or discomfort in your stomach.
• Diarrhea or Vomiting: Your body might try to get rid of the food quickly.
• Nausea: Feeling like you might throw up.

Breathing Challenges

• Coughing or Wheezing: Your chest might feel tight, and you could have trouble breathing.
• Runny or Stuffy Nose: Your nose might act like you have a cold.
• Anaphylaxis: This is a severe reaction that can cause you to stop breathing. It’s a medical emergency.

The Most Common Food Allergies

1. Milk

Often seen in children, an allergy to cow’s milk can cause stomach pain, hives, or vomiting. Some kids grow out of this allergy, while others don’t.

2. Eggs

Another one mainly for kids, egg allergies can cause skin reactions, trouble breathing, or an upset stomach.

3. Peanuts

Peanut allergies can be severe. Eating peanuts or even being near them can cause a serious reaction in some people.

4. Tree Nuts

Almonds, walnuts, and other tree nuts can cause allergies too. These are often lifelong.

5. Soy

Soy is in lots of foods, so this allergy can be tricky to deal with. It usually causes a mild reaction.

6. Wheat

Wheat allergies can cause a range of problems, from itching to difficulty breathing.

7. Fish

Fish allergies are often serious and can be lifelong.

8. Shellfish

Like fish, shellfish allergies are often lifelong and can be severe.

How to Stay Safe

Know What You’re Eating

Always read food labels and ask about ingredients if someone else prepares your food. It helps to know what you should avoid.

Carry Medication

If you have a severe allergy, your doctor might give you a special medicine called an epinephrine injector. Carry it with you, and make sure you know how to use it.

Talk to Your Doctor

Your doctor can do tests to figure out what foods you’re allergic to. They can also teach you how to handle an allergic reaction.

Treatment and Management

There is no cure for food allergies, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Treating food allergies is all about managing symptoms and avoiding what causes them. Your doctor might tell you to:

• Avoid Certain Foods: If you know what causes the problem, stay away from it.
• Take Medicine: Over-the-counter antihistamines can help with mild symptoms.
• Use an EpiPen: If you have a severe allergy, an EpiPen can be a lifesaver.

Food allergies might seem scary, but with the right knowledge and care, you can live a normal, healthy life. Keep an eye on what you eat, know the signs of an allergic reaction, and talk to your doctor about the best ways to stay safe.

Further Reading: Why Do We Get Allergies?