What is a Chronic Cough?

A chronic cough or persistent cough is one that lasts for more than eight weeks. It can be a frustrating and even debilitating condition, affecting your daily life and sleep quality.

Common Causes of Chronic Cough

Several factors may contribute to a persistent cough. Common culprits include:

1. Postnasal Drip

Excess mucus production and drainage from the nose into the throat can trigger a chronic cough. This may be due to a variety of factors, such as sinus infections, allergies, or a deviated septum.

3. Asthma

Asthma, a chronic inflammation of the airways, can lead to coughing, especially during exercise or exposure to allergens.

3. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and potentially a chronic cough.

4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, often results in a persistent cough with mucus production.

5. Infections

Long-lasting respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia, may cause a lingering cough even after the infection has resolved.

6. Certain medications

A prescribed medicine like ACE inhibitors used for high blood pressure can cause chronic cough as a side effect. If you suspect your medication is causing your cough, consult your doctor.

7. Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by damaged and widened airways, which can result in chronic cough and the production of large amounts of mucus.

8. Environmental Irritants

Exposure to environmental irritants like air pollution, chemical fumes, or secondhand smoke can cause a chronic cough in some individuals.

9. Lung Cancer

Although rare, a persistent cough can be an early sign of lung cancer. If you have a history of smoking or other risk factors, it’s important to discuss any concerning symptoms with your doctor.

10. Heart Failure

In some cases, chronic cough can be a sign of congestive heart failure, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms like shortness of breath, swelling in the legs, or rapid weight gain.

11. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs and can lead to a chronic cough, often accompanied by other symptoms such as:

Coughing up blood or mucus
Fatigue
Night sweats
Weight loss
Fever

If you suspect that you or someone you know might have tuberculosis, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the spread of the infection and improve the chances of recovery.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

In addition to persistent coughing, be aware of the following symptoms that may accompany a chronic cough:

Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Chest pain or tightness
Coughing up blood or mucus

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention.

Diagnosing the Cause

A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is essential for determining the cause of a chronic cough. This process may include:

A detailed medical history
Physical examination
Pulmonary function tests
Imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans
Allergy testing

Managing and Treating Chronic Cough

Depending on the underlying cause, various treatments may be recommended:

Lifestyle Changes

For GERD, lifestyle modifications like avoiding trigger foods, elevating the head of the bed, and losing weight can help alleviate symptoms.

Medications

Antihistamines, decongestants, and nasal corticosteroids can help manage postnasal drip. Asthma may require inhaled corticosteroids or bronchodilators. GERD might be treated with acid-reducing medications.

Therapies

Physical therapy, breathing exercises, or pulmonary rehabilitation may be beneficial for those with COPD.

Addressing Infections

Antibiotics, antiviral medications, or antifungal drugs might be prescribed for lingering infections.

Further reading: 10 Ways To Stop Coughing at Night

Bottom Line

Chronic cough can disrupt your life, but understanding the possible causes, such as postnasal drip, allergies, asthma, GERD, infections, or medications, can help you find relief. Consult your doctor for appropriate treatment, which may include medications, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures. Don’t suffer in silence. Seek help!

Further Reading: Acute Cough: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is a Chronic Cough?